Business Process Management and Reengineering

Introduction A few decades ago, many businesses experienced slow change or remained static due to poor management or non-visionary leadership practices. However, an enormous difference exists between the ancient and current business scenarios.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Business Process Management and Reengineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contemporary organisations are characterised by tremendous changes due to continued innovation in the field of technology. This situation has ensured a neck-to-neck competition among various business entities. Highly performing businesses have to adapt to the ever-shifting plans and processes that are implemented to capture new market niches. Various changes in management orientations have led to emergence of practices such as Business Process Management (BPM), Business Process Reengineering (BPR), and Enterprise Integration (EI) among others. This article review s two organisational approaches that include Business Process Management and Business Process Reengineering by exploring their differences and benefits to modern enterprises. Business Process Management (BPM) and Business Process Reengineering (BPR) BPM is an approach that is systematically implemented in an enterprise to ensure improvement of all automated and non-automated processes. It plays a crucial role in linking together all the activities in the entity. For example, there must be a well-stipulated collaboration between the organisation, information technology, and staff. This approach is accomplished to align the staff with varying business processes and information (Ryan, Stephen, Wah 2009). In addition, BPM ensures that the enterprise is able to define, apply, and manage all its activities that pertain to interactions among employees and implementation of various types of applications.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This situation promotes efficient handling of the vast dynamic change procedures and processes (Ryan, Stephen, Wah 2009). Business process management must portray features that include modelling of methods that dictate the development and performance of various applications and integration of technologies. For instance, the management of technological business processes demands deployment of competent personnel who can use the internet to retrieve data and display information with a view of maintaining efficient running of all processes in the organisation (Chen, Chiang, Storey 2012; Ryan, Stephen, Wah 2009). BPM must also exhibit a thoroughgoing monitoring technique of various business activities. The reports of these activities must be shown promptly to ensure smooth and express flow of information (Chen, Chiang, Storey 2012). Most performing managers practice BPM through warranting effective re-designing, implementatio n, documentation, monitoring of activities, control, and measuring of any activities that are carried out. Such managers also embrace flexibilities through the BPM cycle that includes vision, design, modelling, execution, monitoring, and optimising processes (Leymann, Roller, Schmidt 2002). This situation ensures efficient implementation of change processes with a view of achieving organisational goals. Various components that managers who practice BPM should consider include laying out robust platforms for modelling and implementing applications and business rules (process engineering). They should also apply proper business analysis with a view of identifying management issues, current trends, and opportunities.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Business Process Management and Reengineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1: showing sample Business Process Management with respect to Information Techn ology (Gulledge Sommer 2002). The reaction to such issues is paramount to the overall success of the organisation (Ravesteyn Ronald 2010). Other components that have to be considered in BPM include proper handling and management of contents that pertain to proper documentation of company information. However, modern businesses are highly advised to use electronic means for data storage. Lastly, the managers must embrace collaboration through minimisation of barriers that exist among the different departments (Ravesteyn Ronald 2010). The diagram above summarises how a BPM tool can be implemented in an organisation to improve its processes through integration of activities, systems, and personnel. Business Process Reengineering Redesigning the performance of activities in an organisation is termed as process reengineering. Many enterprises worldwide have implemented business process redesigning to suit organisational goals. Therefore, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is a rapid and radical change that involves restructuring various business processes or the whole enterprise with an aim of improving production, quality, and cycle time.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This process is initiated by the management through formulation of new strategies that are aimed at improving the value of the organisation to meet the consumer needs (Ryan, Stephen, Wah 2009; Al-Mashari, Irani, Zairi 2001). The process of reengineering ensures that most of the unproductive aspects such as costly processes that are difficult to implement in production are eliminated. The approach encompasses the reorganisation of the operational aspects of the entity to come up with the relevant cross-functional processes. It also includes the implementation of technology in data processing to improve communication and decision-making processes (Al-Mashari, Irani, Zairi 2001). However, BPR demands a proper lay out of activities that are in tandem with various factors that affect the operations of the enterprise. At the outset, a refocus must be ensured to include company values that are related to the needs of consumers. Secondly, the processes must be redesigned using the releva nt and current information technology systems to guarantee improved production and flow of activities. In addition, the business enterprise must be reshaped to capture the cross-functional and responsible teamwork based on end-to-end processes. Other aspects that the designers must take into account include rethinking of issues that are related directly or indirectly to the organisation, workforce, and overall improvement of the business processes (Caron, Jarvenpaa, Stoddard 1994). Proper implementation of BPR ensures that enterprises reduce costs and cycle time. This state of affairs is achieved through redesigning the operational processes to get rid of unproductive processes and underperforming employees who implement such procedures (Caron, Jarvenpaa, Stoddard 1994). Various operational groups that exist in the organisation are rationalised in a way that is relevant to the required expertise to reduce aspects of management layers. This situation promotes the flow of informatio n. It also ensures minimisation of errors during the production processes. Other companies also practice business process reengineering to improve the quality of products through establishment of transparent and clear ownership of various organisational activities. This situation results in effective measurement of personnel performance due to efficient feedback. Other reasons that compel business entities to embrace BPR include improving the competitive nature of the enterprise, expansion purposes, and urge to embrace current technology among others with a view of ensuring the continuance of the enterprise (Caron, Jarvenpaa, Stoddard, 1994). Figure 2: Sample flow chart of BPR in a company (Aguilar-Saven 2004). Differences between BPM and BPR Business Process Management Business Process Reengineering It re-implements the processes in place It starts from scratch Low risks are involved There is higher risks involved There is a continuous change Change is done at a specific time that is suitable for redesigning processes The time taken to implement the process is less It takes a lot of time to implement BPR The outcome is always continuous The outcome is seen as drastic There are less expenses incurred There are more expenses incurred The culture of the organisation is not changed The culture of the organisation is changed Table 1: The table shows the differences between BPM and BPR. Advantages of Business Process Management The primary advantage of business process management is that it enables efficient planning and alignment of organisational functions to meet the needs of the consumers. It also ensures that the executive management provides clear directions, monitors, and measures the available resources to improve production while minimising costs that are incurred in the process (Jennings, Norman, Faratin, O’Brien, Odgers 2000). Implementation of the BPM also results in the improved efficiency, minimisation of errors, transpar ency, and accountability of processes. This state of affairs is achieved through proper monitoring of activities and expenditures. Accurate and timely information is crucial for the management of organisational processes since it promotes opportune formulation of production decisions (Jennings et al. 2000). Another advantage of the BPM is its ability to ensure simplicity and adherence to regulations. This state of affairs is realised through maintenance of clear records that are in tandem with the government protocols concerning the operations of the entity. The updated records ensure cost reductions that can be incurred due to non-compliance. There is also avoidance of wastages that are related to BPM. Regular performance of BPM promotes identification of errors, wastes, and areas that result in inefficiency (Trkman 2010). It also creates safer working conditions. Finally yet importantly, the BPM enables the management to ensure improved production through frequent learning during the operations (Trkman 2010). Summary of BPM and BPR From the above detailed examination of the BPM and BPR, it can be concluded that the two processes are complement each other in the realisation of organisational targets. It is clear that implementation of BPR prompts the enterprise to change its vision, value, and mission. Therefore, organisations should scrutinise this approach in depth to ensure that the risks that are involved in its execution are covered. BPR implementation also leads to restructuring of various critical aspects of the organisation such as the cooperate culture. This approach is different from the BPM, which allows for flexibility. BPM deals with a few processes at a given time. Furthermore, there are no risks involved in implementing BPM. However, more expenses accompany the application of BPR; hence, it increases the operational risks (Leymann, Roller, Schmidt 2002). Conclusion The article has critically examined BPM and BPR processes that affect the norma l operations of any organisation upon their implementation. Nonetheless, it is realised that both of the operational processes are beneficial to the organisation since they are concerned with consumer needs. The BPM technique is more advantageous because it requires less time and cost of implementation. In addition, the strategy does not interfere with the company’s corporate culture. Its outcome is also continuous. On the other hand, the business process reengineering is perceived as expensive and time-consuming. Nonetheless, a drastic change in performance and outcome is always expected upon its application. Therefore, managers should focus on implementing the BPM since it does not interfere with the company’s culture. However, enterprises that require an overhaul of their organisations, a BPR technique can be beneficial, especially when the company culture, location, and values are to be changed. References Aguilar-Saven, R 2004, ‘Business process modeling: Re view and framework’, International Journal of production economics, vol. 90 no. 2, pp. 129-49. Al-Mashari, M, Irani, Z Zairi, M 2001, ‘Business process reengineering: a survey of international experience’, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 7 no. 5, pp. 437-55. Caron, J, Jarvenpaa, S Stoddard, D 1994, ‘Business reengineering at CIGNA Corporation: experiences and lessons learned from the first five years’, Mis Quarterly, vol. 18 no. 3, pp. 233-50. Gulledge Jr, T Sommer, R 2002, ‘Business process management: public sector implications’, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 8 no. 4, pp. 364-76. Jennings, N, Norman, T, Faratin, P, O’Brien, P Odgers, B 2000, ‘Autonomous agents for business process management’, Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 145-189. Ko, R, Lee, S Lee, E 2009, ‘Business process management (BPM) standards: a survey’, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 15 no. 5, pp. 744-91. Leymann, F, Roller, D Schmidt, M 2002, ‘Web services and business process management’, IBM systems Journal, vol. 41 no. 2, pp. 198-211. Ravesteyn, P Batenburg, R 2010, ‘Surveying the critical success factors of BPM-systems implementation’, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 16 no. 3, pp. 492-507. Trkman, P 2010, ‘The critical success factors of business process management’, International Journal of Information Management, vol. 30 no. 2, pp. 125-34. This article on Business Process Management and Reengineering was written and submitted by user Kat Farrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Effect of Institutional racism on Essay Example

Effect of Institutional racism on Essay Example Effect of Institutional racism on Essay Effect of Institutional racism on Essay Racism is the favoritism or negative attitude of people against other people strictly because of their race. Institutional racism is a signifier of racism structured into political and societal establishments. The establishments include schools and montages. while political include authorities and other authorities Parastatals or corporation. The effect of this sort of societal segregation is ever negative. It some times leads to wars. hatred and in some cases low ego regard by the topic in this instance. Racial favoritism stated long ago and its consequence has ever been negative. In page 3 of The Guardian that is dated 5th September 2008. The header of the newspaper is: Black Caribbean kids held back by institutional racism in schools. says study written by Editor Polly Curtis. The kernel of the narrative in this instance is to foreground the rampant racial favoritism of Caribbean kids in English schools. This has mostly undermined their academic and societal life. farther research worker had uncovered grounds that instructors routinely under-estimate the abilities of some black students. proposing that premises about behavioral jobs have overshadowed their academic endowments. The findings on a study which tracked 15. 000 students through their instruction besides add weight to the theory that low accomplishment among some black pupils is worsened because instructors don’t anticipate them to win. This relates good to the subject of Institutional racism because in this instance racism is in a school puting where all students are supposed to be treated reasonably irrespective of their race. But in this instance black Caribbean’s are discriminated upon and this has later resulted to their hapless public presentation in school. The significance of this narrative in the Guardian is to set in visible radiation what is go oning among the pupils in this peculiar school refering the racism issue. This is elaborated by the statistics that show how racism has affected the black Caribbean in this peculiar school. Such as a 3rd of capable black Caribbean students are non entered to take the hardest documents in trials at 14. Hence the issue being addressed by this statistics is institutional racism in English schools. This narrative affects me in different ways. its sad to observe that at this age people are still being judged by the colour of their tegument instead than by their character and abilities. It frustrates me to impede other people from accomplishing their full potency because of racism. In my point of position. its critical to observe that none of us decided their race and that all worlds are created equal and their fluctuation in melanin content should neer be a judgment factor but instead an political orientation of the yesteryear. It’s critical for people to cognize that our abilities. endowments are independent of our tegument colour. This narrative non merely affects me but it besides affects the society involved because they loose possible people in from optimising their possible because of their unworthy favoritism of their colour. This narrative encourages me to make something different by recommending against racial favoritism non merely in schools but instead in the full society. I will carry through this by giving illustrations of how people of different races have won the Nobel peace monetary value. White persons. Blacks. Asians have won the monetary value. This vehemently states that the colour of our tegument has nil to make with our ability. Beginnings Polly Curtis. Black Caribbean kids held back by institutional racism in schools. says analyze The guardian newspaper on the web 5th September 2008 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. defender. co. United Kingdom gt ;